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Connect the World
ISIS Assault Continues, Extends To Oil Town Baiji; African Start-up: E-lab; Country Divided Over Hosting World Cup
Aired June 11, 2014 - 11:00 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
BECKY ANDERSON, HOST: A city under siege, an entire region rattled: the militant group ISIS gains ground in Iraq. We'll examine what is
driving them and who is funding them.
Also ahead, give me five. On the eve of the Brazil World Cup, FIFA President Sepp Blatter looks set to go back on his promise to stick to four
terms. We're live in Sao Paulo on the backlash.
And defending Washington's decision. We'll tell you what U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel has been saying about the prisoner swap that divided
a nation.
ANNOUNCER: Live from CNN Abu Dhabi, this is Connect the World with Becky Anderson.
ANDERSON: A very good evening. It is 7:00 here.
Hundreds of thousands of Iraqis are fleeing Mosul after Islamist extremists seize the country's second largest city in a matter of hours.
Tuesday's onslaught sent U.S. trained Iraqi security forces running for their lives and caught thousands of civilians in the crossfire.
Well, the militants, thought to be from the Sunni militant group ISIS, an al Qaeda splinter group, are now in control of Mosul's airport and other
key buildings.
Shiites cleric Muqtada al Sadr has offered to form a, quote, brigade to help protect Muslims and Christians from the militants threat, but some
are suspicious that al Sadr is trying to reform his powerful Mehdi army.
Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has called on Iraqis to unite.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NOURI AL-MALIKI, IRAQI PRIME MINISTER (through translator): Political stability is the foundation of security stability. And what is happening
in Mosul is not far from this cause. We must take advantage and benefit from any information gained about terrorism, which is heard and read about
every day in this conflict.
To face the situation before us today, we must stand as one united front. Our insistence and will must never waver when it comes to expelling
these criminals.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
ANDERSON: Well, let's get to journalist Zyad Mohammed. He joins me now via Skype from Avile (ph), which is just about 80 kilometers from
Mosul.
What's the latest on the ground?
ZYAD MOHAMMED, JOURNALIST: Well, Becky, I spoke to an eyewitness in Mosul this morning. And he confirmed -- he's a university professor at
Mosul University -- and he confirmed to me that everything is stable and back to normal in the city. The movement is normal and displaced people,
some of them are coming back. Peace and order have been restored.
And he said that he went to the university and saw some guards from ISIS guarding the university. And he asked them to take guard of the
university and take care of it. And they confirmed this to him.
He also was moving around in the city and he said it was very, very -- the drive was very easy. Most of the barriers have been removed. The
movement of the people used to be very hard under the army -- when the army troops were there. But they confirm now everything is open mostly -- most
roads are open. And the journey, which took them two to two-and-a-half hours to get there now it takes them only five minutes or 10 minutes to get
there.
ANDERSON: Well, that's interesting. All right.
Let me just stop you there for one moment.
The speaker of parliament yesterday criticizing the government implicitly by saying that security forces were warned of this insurgent
activity and did nothing, and indeed fled. You are saying to me tonight this hour that things are better on the ground since, so far as your
witnesses are concerned. The army has fled and people are able to move around easily and freely at this point. You're saying that things have
improved dramatically over the past 24 hours, have they?
MOHAMMED: Yes, Becky, indeed. It's a dramatic change.
But the people are confirming -- I spoke to so many people from Mosul. And they're confirming that it's a weird peace, it's a weird change -- I'm
quoting them. They said they never expected ISIS to be like that. They thought there would be -- I'm sorry, they thought there would be a lot of
murders and killing in the street and bloodbaths. But they said, no, on the contrary, they confirmed to us that we can live normally and freely.
And their position here is just to save the city and liberate it. I'm quoting them.
ANDERSON: OK. All right. Well, one Mosul resident reporting, as far as he is concerned, that all people have fled their homes and many are
lying dead in the streets. This was over the past 12 hours or so. Will Iraq accept this, this resident said? A lot of criticism of the Iraqi
government. Is that warranted, do you think?
MOHAMMED: Yes, indeed. Of course. A lot of people are holding the government responsible for this. They're holding the prime minister Nouri
al-Maliki for their -- they're blaming him, they're holding him responsible for this. And he's the cause of all that, because of the neglect.
Some reports and some people say it's just happening over a political dispute. But actually a lot of questions and a lot of question marks -- a
lot of things are vague until this moment. And we are just following the story as it evolves closely.
ANDERSON: Yeah, because as we have been reporting, estimates that some 500,000 people, half a million people on the move out of Mosul over
the past four-and-a-half days. So clearly it has been horrendous on the ground. You reporting at least from your sources that things are
improving, which is good to hear.
Well, one more aspect to what is a fast moving story in Iraq, 48 Turkish citizens are being held hostage after ISIS militants attacked
Turkey's consulate in Mosul.
A Turkish authority say it is a fragile situation that they hope can be resolved soon. They also say that those being held are unarmed.
We'll have much more on this story over the next hour or so. First, we're going to take a closer look at what the extremist group ISIS stands
for and their long-term goals.
Plus, Nic Robertson shows us the political and sectarian divides that are effectively, as he says, tearing the country apart.
And John Defterios joining me to discuss the damage to Iraq's economy.
Well, an international focus has shifted to Nigeria after nearly 300 girls were kidnapped by the militant group Boko Haram. More than six weeks
after the abduction their whereabouts are still unknown.
All this week, we've been bringing you an unprecedented look at the battle against Boko Haram. In this exclusive report, Arwa Damon takes us to
a village in Niger just across the border from Nigeria where many have fled to escape the group's campaign of terror.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
ARWA DAMON, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: This river marks the border between Nigeria and Niger, a shallow divide between horror and
security.
Hadiza Fandu (ph) says she was fleeing a Boko Haram attack on her village in Nigeria when she came across her brother's lifeless body. He
had been dragged out of a mosque, executed, his prayer beads still in hand. She says from the moment she saw him, all she could think was survival.
She escaped with her 10 children to Niger, just a 30 minute walk to safety, joined by others from her destroyed village.
(on camera): Mohammed (ph) fled with 15 of his family members. The river was obviously a lot higher back then, so they came across in boats.
But when the attack happened, the entire village, it cleared out, some of the people making the journey overnight, others hiding in the bush waiting
for daybreak.
(voice-over): This year alone, the World Food Program says Boko Haram's terror campaign has sent at least 25,000 Nigerians fleeing into
Niger's remote Diffa region, around 80 percent of them women and children.
Many fleeing not only because of the repeated violent attacks, but following the kidnapping of over 200 schoolgirls in Chibok fear of the same
fate.
Luckily for them, this is a border in name only.
(on camera): When the refugees first arrived, they were actually given a space to live in outside of the various homes. But then because of
the conditions, the village leaders had a meeting and decided to give people the option of hosting refugee families.
(voice-over): Melebra Umarat (ph) took in an additional three families, making the population of his household jump from 16 to 57.
The youngest born, a refugee, 10-day-old Mohammed (ph) cradled by his grandmother.
For now, aid agencies have been able to meet the demands of Niger's swelling refugee population, easing the burden on villages like this one.
But the hunger season has just began, bringing with it additional hardships and shortages. And with Boko Haram's attacks on the rise in
neighboring Nigeria, few safe havens remain.
Arwa Damon, CNN, Diffa region, Niger.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
ANDERSON: Well, as players prepare to take to the pitch in the World Cup about 36 hours from now FIFA President Sepp Blatter is facing a revolt
from European football officials who are not happy about his plans to run for reelection.
FIFA holding its annual congress in Sao Paulo and that a tense meeting on Tuesday, officials from the Netherlands and England have minced no
words. They say FIFA has been damaged by continued corruption allegations and they do not want Blatter running again.
But, it seems he'd quite like to. Later today, he's expected to confirm his intention to run for a fifth term.
Shasta Darlington is covering all of those from Sao Paulo for us.
Shasta, it's a shame that this incredible event that so many people around the world are anticipating, their countries, so many of them,
playing over the next month or so. And we've got this sideline FIFA scandal which won't go away, and rightly so.
What's the latest from the congress at this point?
SHASTA DARLINGTON, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORREPSONDENT: That's right, Becky.
Well, at this point, it's just a wait and see. The congress is going on as we speak. As you mentioned, we're waiting for Blatter to come out
and officially announce that he will run for another mandate. And while he did face a pretty tough tongue lashing yesterday, according to sources in
the European football confederation meeting, he still has fairly broad support among other confederations.
But it's interesting, while all of this is going on right here in Sao Paulo, you don't hear a whole lot about it right here. I know that's what
the world is sort of focused on. But here in Brazil, people are gearing up for that game tomorrow and that's what all the talk is about, whether it's
the strikes, it's the protests or the game itself.
The Brazilian team arrived in Sao Paulo last night.
So again people are beginning to really focus on the games and getting excited, which is good to finally feel that sense of excitement, Becky.
ANDERSON: All right. Give us a sense of the atmosphere then, if you will?
DARLINGTON: Well, it's really divided. You know, at this point on the one hand the team is here, excitement is building, on the other hand
we're waiting for a meeting of the subway worker's union this night to decide whether or not they'll go back on strike tomorrow, which would be a
disaster for the opening match, because the metro is going to be one of the main forms of transportation to get to the games, 61,000 people. And at
this point, there doesn't seem to be a whole lot of love between the union and the government. They can't agree on salaries. They can't agree on
workers who have been fired over these strikes.
So again we're going to be up against the wire waiting last minute to hear what happens there.
Also, groups planning more protests. There are groups putting out messages on social media calling for people to meet a few kilometers from
the stadium and try and march on the stadium.
President Dilma Rousseff has tried to sort of calm emotions a bit. She made a last minute plea for Brazilians to support the World Cup. She
also defended spending, saying the $4 billion spent on stadiums maybe high, but it's just a small fraction of the $800 billion spent on health and
education during the same period.
Listen to what she had to say.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
DILMA ROUSSEFF, PRESIDENT OF BRAZIL (through translator): We enjoy more absolute freedoms and we coexist with popular demonstrations and
demands that help us improve everyday our democratic institutions.
There are people who claim the resources for the Cup should have been directed to health care and education. I hear and respect those opinions,
but I don't agree with them. It is a false dilemma.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
DARLINGTON: So it's just a few hours to find out whether it's that excitement that will prevail or the game spirit, or whether it'll be
protests, Becky.
ANDERSON: Shasta, let's hope it's the spirit. We've been so looking forward to this. It's been four years.
All right, thank you for that.
The game, of course, the opening game kicking off in about 36 hours from now.
It's been a long and difficult road to the World Cup for Brazil, but these guys seem optimistic about the big kickoff. More on them and other
World Cup antics later this hour.
Plus, Hollywood star Angelina Jolie is helping to focus world attention on a shocking weapon of war, one the UN says targets women and
children. We'll be live from London for you.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
ANDERSON: You're watching CNN. This is Connect the World with me Becky Anderson. It is, what, a quarter past 7:00 in the UAE.
We are seeing a surge of violence across Iraq as extremist militants exert their influence. The militants thought to be with the extremist
group called ISIS, which stands for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, otherwise known as ISIL. Fighters have recently attacked several key Iraqi
cities.
Now on Tuesday, they added Mosul to the territory they already hold in Iraq and in Syria.
Well, taking a look at the map, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria has gained control of dozens of cities in both countries over the past
year, including large areas of northeast Syria as well as parts of northern and central Iraq, and cities including Fallujah and parts of Ramadi.
So, chief U.S. security correspondent Jim Sciutto joins me now from Washington to talk about the threat from ISIS. And let's get this
straight, who are these Sunni militants who are terrorizing citizens under the ISIS, or ISIL banner, Jim?
JIM SCIUTTO, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Well, this is a group, it's a terrorist group, it's extremist. They have carried out a number of terror
attacks on both sides of the border.
You know, we talk about the militants that have been challenging the Assad regime. And you have the ones that the U.S. is willing to deal with,
the Free Syrian Army, et cetera, the moderate groups. And then you have the ones that they are truly concerned about and that is ISIS, because it's
a terrorist group they -- and also not only do they threaten Syria, but we're seeing that they threaten Iraq, the ability to, you know, for this
conflict to bleed across border.
But not just that, because there's a tremendous concern here in the U.S. from intelligence officials about foreign fighters who have joined the
fight there who will then go home, it is feared, to Europe and even the U.S. -- the understand of U.S. intelligence officials there are 50 to 60
some odd Americans fighting in Syria now, that they're concerned -- including for groups like this -- that they will then go home and stage
attacks.
It shows how the crisis in Syria, expanding not just to Iraq, the worry to Europe and even to the homeland here in the U.S.
ANDERSON: Jim, the speaker of the Iraqi parliament claiming on Tuesday that the government had been warned of insurgent activity, yet U.S.
trained Iraqi forces did nothing to prevent it. In fact, reports are that the commanders actually ran away leaving civilians to fend for themselves.
This is an al-Maliki government implicitly supported by the United States. What is Washington saying about what's happening on the ground?
SCIUTTO: Well, this is a real concern, because not only did they run away, but they left their equipment, their weapons, much of them supplied
by the U.S., behind. And this shows the difficulty of what has become the U.S. policy, right, because it was -- you know, the president always said
the Iraq war was, in his words, a dumb war. The focus of his administration had been getting U.S. troops out of there.
The U.S. was not able to negotiate a status of forces agreement with the Iraqi government, which might have allowed a smaller American force to
stay there, that might be -- you know, the administration's critics say might have been a stabilizing force to prevent actions like we've seen
today.
The strategy has been to train and equip Iraqi security forces. And we're seeing here -- and we saw a few months ago in Fallujah, that they
were not up to the task of pushing back against these al Qaeda aligned militants. And it shows a weakness in that strategy.
Now the thing is, you know, the U.S. is not going to be sending boots back on the ground there. So what is the response? It's a difficult
question.
And you're seeing now the ramifications of Syria and Iraq, you know they have -- they have ramifications far beyond their borders.
ANDERSON: Well, one of the responses could be from the Shiite cleric Muqtada al Sadr. He says that he is ready to, Jim, form a brigade, as he
calls it, to work in coordination with the Iraqi government.
Now he called this unite the al Salami -- or al Salaam brigades, which translates, as I understand it, to the peace brigades. But there is much
concern that this could be a resurgence of Sadr's Mehdi army, the powerful Shia militia that formally and officially disbanded at the end of 2008.
If that were so, what are the likely consequences?
SCIUTTO: Well, listen, you know, if the Iraqi government becomes dependent on Muqtada al Sadr and sort of a reincarnation of the Mehdi army
-- and I was in Iraq for years when the Mehdi army was running rampant in the south -- if that is the strategy going forward, that' a real problem.
And it raises the specter of the worst moments in the Iraq war of sectarian violence. You know, that's a Shiite group. I mean, you have had
success in Anbar Province, the Sunni uprising, where you used Sunni militias to push back against al Qaeda aligned militias and that worked.
But the trouble in Iraq is a very divided country. And if you have armed groups representing, you know, the various sects as the, you know,
security response, that presents the specter of a civil conflict. And that's not good for Iraq either.
You know, the focus has been arming and training and Iraqi national army across sectarian divide to push back against these groups. If you're
going back into the mid-2000s where the Mehdi army, you know, is one of the secrets to success, I think that's a real -- or it's a sobering prospect
for Iraq.
ANDERSON: Your analysis excellent. Thank you, sir.
Jim Sciutto for you. And you can get online to find out much more about this developing story and how it's affecting the region. And I have
to just point out that a journalist that we spoke to about 15 minutes ago who is in Arbin (ph), which is about 80 kilometers away from Mosul who has
been speaking to his sources on the ground say that life is getting back to normal. And his -- to paraphrase him, he said that people say that he army
ran away and that things are better without them.
Well, CNN.com. That's the home page. Click on our top story. You'll find the key questions about the key questions about the siege of Mosul and
its significance answered by CNN's international correspondent Nic Robertson.
Let's take a short break.
Live from Abu Dhabi, this is Connect the World with me, Becky Anderson.
Coming up, trash to treasure, how an African start-up is using waste to make everything from jewelry to furniture with an eye towards art.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
ANDERSON: You're with Connect the World with me, Becky Anderson. And you are at the Global Exchange, that is the part of the show where we
introduce you to the people and places paving the way forward in the world's emerging economies.
Well, nearly everywhere in the world you can find old mobile phones, computers and appliances dumped in landfills, empty fields or even on the
side of road. I'm sure you've seen it wherever you are watching in the world. That is certainly the case in Kenya.
So a couple of entrepreneurs there decided to do something about it and make a little money while they were at it.
Fionnuala Sweeney brings us their story of turning trash to treasure in today's African Start-up.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
ALEX MATIVO, CO-FOUNDER E-LAB: My name is Alex Mativo, a co-founder at E-lab.
SIMON MUMO, CO-FOUNDER E-LAB: My name is Simon Mumo. I'm also the co-founder at E-lab.
MATIVO: We're the brains behind E-lab. And this is our premise based in Nairobi, Kenya.
MUMO: Come and take a look at we do best.
FIONNUALA SWEENEY, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDNET: E-lab stands for electronic waste lab. They collect electronic waste and appliances like
old computers, mobile phones and fridges and turn them into pieces of art, like ear rings, necklaces, and shoes.
MATIVO: So this is where we work. This is my design team. Malon, Leila and Cecilia.
They're the brains behind the creative designs that you've seen today.
SWEENEY: Having started their business in Mativo's garage, the local bishop offered them this work space, giving them room to grow.
MATIVO: Art has always been my way of expressing myself, handling problems, expressing my feeling to my peers. I came across a huge problem,
nuisance, in society where people were dumping electronic waste, which is not biodegradable. So I was able to use art as a platform for this
initiative campaign where I was able to transform what was once hazardous to something really amazing, to showcase to the world that we have a
solution to all our problems.
SWEENEY: Inspired by the potential of creating art from discarded hardware, Mativo and Mumo created E-lab.
MUMO: My market is basically the art, fashion and the jua kali industry. From the fashion industry, we've been able to generate good
income, which ifs brought back into the business and has enabled us to acquire a premise and also to buy the resources that we need to be able to
grow the company.
SWEENEY: In addition to shoes and jewelry, E-lab makes furniture exclusively of metal and electronic waste and sells it to local businesses.
MUMO: One of the greatest challenges was as a start-up corporates don't want to invest in start-ups. And also trying to create a culture
where instead of dumping your electronic waste, bring them to a fabrication lab to be able to scale up into an amazing product has been a challenge.
But so far, the amazing platforms that we've gotten give us credibility as a company and it creates an interest, a social buzz behind your company and
guys are able to embrace your idea.
E-lab is the next big thing in Kenya.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
ANDERSON: Well, Africa buzzing with innovation. More business start- ups in Africans nations than anywhere else in the world.
Join the African start-up team and a panel of experts for a tweet chat on Thursday June 19 at 7:00 p.m. next Thursday, at least that's our time.
That's at the same time as Connect the World. If you're a good multi- tasker, take part, log on, Twitter search hashtag #CNNAfrica to join the conversation.
How do you make money out of business in Africa? Join that chat.
The latest world news headlines just ahead.
Plus, the situation in Iraq quickly escalating and even threatening to become a regional war. We've got the latest on that up next.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
ANDERSON: Welcome back, this is CONNECT THE WORLD with me, Becky Anderson. This is CNN, you are with us in Abu Dhabi. It is just after
7:30 here. The headlines.
We're getting reports that a suicide bomber has attacked a group of Shiite tribal leaders in Baghdad, killing at least 15 people. Militants
thought to be linked to ISIS have launched attacks on Iraqi cities in Samara and in Tikrit.
This comes after the city of Mosul was attacked by the group, 48 Turkish citizens are being held hostages after the militants attacked
Turkey's consulate there. Turkish authorities say it is a fragile situation that the hope can be resolved soon. They also say that those
being held are unarmed.
Later today, FIFA president Sepp Blatter is expected to announce that he plans to seek reelection, and that is not going down well with some of
the European football officials with him in Brazil. English and Dutch representatives say FIFA's reputation has been damaged during Blatter's 16-
year watch.
US Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel is defending President Barack Obama's decision to swap five Guantanamo Bay prisoners for the release of army
sergeant Bowe Bergdahl. He says the Defense Department will investigate the circumstances behind the capture.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
CHUCK HAGEL, US SECRETARY OF DEFENSE: No charges were ever brought against Sergeant Bergdahl, and there are no charges pending now. Our
entire national security apparatus -- the military, the intelligence community, and the State Department -- pursued every avenue to recover
Sergeant Bergdahl just as the American people and this Congress and the Congresses before you expected us to do.
In fact, this committee -- this committee knows there were a number of congressional resolutions introduced and referred to this committee
directing the president of the United States to do everything he could to get Sergeant Bergdahl released from captivity.
We never stopped trying to get him back, as the Congress knows that, because he is a soldier in the United States Army.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
ANDERSON: CNN can now report that the Iraqi city of Tikrit, the hometown of Saddam Hussein, is mostly under control of ISIS, according to
witnesses inside Tikrit, as well as police officials in neighboring Samara.
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, also known as ISIS, first began as an offshoot of al Qaeda in Iraq and expanded into Syria last year. With
this week's attack back in Iraq, it's clear the group is quickly gaining ground and influence. Nic Robertson reports.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
(GUNFIRE)
(EXPLOSIONS)
NIC ROBERTSON, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): After just five days of fighting, terrorists now control large swaths of
Iraq's second-largest city. Power, water, and phone lines have been cut in parts of Mosul, 250 miles north of Baghdad, where the al Qaeda splinter
group ISIS has seized the important transportation and administration hub.
Iraqi prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, calling it a humanitarian crisis, and asking parliament to declare a state of emergency, calling on
men to volunteer to fight. The speaker of Iraq's parliament urging the US to play a role in supporting Iraq against the terrorist attack and asking
for urgent relief for the displaced by the international community.
The voice of a refugee in this video, pleading, "God help us," as half a million Iraqis have already fled the city.
JOHN KIRBY, US DEFENSE DEPARTMENT PRESS SECRETARY: We're certainly in touch with Iraqi leadership as much as possible, but ultimately, this is
for the Iraqi security forces and the Iraqi government to deal with.
(GUNFIRE)
ROBERTSON: The fight proving too much for the US-trained Iraqi soldiers. Some reportedly discarding their uniforms, abandoning their
military armed vehicles and weapons, leaving it all to a terrorist group considered more ruthless and brutal than al Qaeda.
(MEN SHOUTING)
(GUNFIRE)
ROBERTSON: ISIS gaining more power and control in a city once held as a successful example of US counter-insurgency only two and a half years
after American boots left Iraqi soil.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
ANDERSON: Nic Robertson reporting there. Besides the assault on Mosul, militants have also seized part of Baiji, a small town, home to the
country's biggest oil refinery. Officials tell CNN that the facility itself is still under government control.
But it goes without saying that a successful takeover of Baiji and an ISIS march turned oil-rich Kirkuk, for example, could have a devastating
effect on Iraq's economy. John Defterios tacking that for us, joining me now. Iraq had a big ambition to hit 4 million barrels a day, of course,
this year. That would be the equivalent of $4 billion. That is an awful lot of money --
JOHN DEFTERIOS, CNN EMERGING MARKETS EDITOR: Yes, yes.
ANDERSON: -- and important to Iraq. What does this insurgency in this oil-rich area mean going forward? What are the consequences, do you
think?
DEFTERIOS: Well, they had a clear line of sight, Becky, to get to 4 million barrels a day by the end of 2014. We've seen insurgencies in this
area since March, often overlooked, but they hit a pipeline, these insurgents, back in March, which knocked out ten percent of that existing
Iraqi production.
They got to a 35-year high of 3.6 million barrels a day. That pipeline attack took it down by 10 percent. If they take advantage of
Mosul, here, and then march southeast into Kirkuk, it changes the game in central Iraq.
We've got a map here that kind of shows the hot spots for energy. The worry is here that the insurgents go into the Kurdish region, pass Erbil
and some of the production we've seen there. The US and the European majors have been inside there.
Now, the big oil play -- the big bonanza is in Basra. We've heard rumblings about potential kidnappings of Western oil workers. They haven't
materialized over the last two months, but we started hearing about it two months ago.
Billions of dollars. Exxon Mobile, BP, Shell, Lukoil. Lukoil alone in West Qurna, is allocating $36 billion over the next decade.
ANDERSON: That's remarkable.
DEFTERIOS: So far, that's been left untouched in the south, but that's the big concern.
ANDERSON: Let's just remind people that we're just getting into CNN that we can report that the Iraqi city of Tikrit, the hometown of Saddam
Hussein, mostly, now, under the control of ISIS, according to witnesses inside Tikrit, as well as police officials in neighboring Samara.
So, this clearly, spreading. This is a Shia-dominated government. This is a Sunni-led militant organization. In the north of the country in
the oil-rich part of the country, this is a Kurdish area. There are clearly ethnic and religious lines across Iraq which are breaking down, as
it were, at present.
OPEC, John, earlier meeting today in Vienna. How did they handle this strike against what is their second-largest producers' facilities,
effectively?
DEFTERIOS: Well, it's very interesting, because Iraq doesn't want to stop at 4 million barrels a day, they plan to get to 8 million by the end
of the decade. That would put them in the ranks of Saudi Arabia, Russia, Canada, and the United States. This will be a setback to that no doubt.
OPEC held the meeting. The only decision they made was to keep production where it is at 30 million barrels a day. What does this mean?
Iraq's probably going to go backwards from here. Iran had aspirations to get 4 million barrels a day. The P5 plus 1 talks are stalled. They're
going to ask for a six-month extension, very likely.
Libya was at 1.6 million barrels a day. Because of the violence we see in the east and the uncertainty, they're just down to 200,000 barrels.
I'll be a little bit cynical here. What happens? The big Gulf producers -- Saudi Arabia, here in the UAE, Kuwait -- will fill that void.
Oil will probably stay up around $110 a barrel for Brent, which is extremely high, and OPEC still exports and makes over $1 trillion in 2014.
But the Iraqi situation's not good for the energy market. It just leaves a cloud of uncertainty, and it's almost a proxy Sunni-Shia play.
That's what you're talking about here. Let's not forget, we're standing in the Gulf section. These are all Sunni players, and it plays out in the
energy market to be very candid as well.
ANDERSON: Yes, fascinating. John, always a pleasure.
DEFTERIOS: Thank you.
ANDERSON: Thank you. Live from Abu Dhabi, you're watching CONNECT THE WORLD with me, Becky Anderson. Coming up, standing up for the victims
of sexual violence. Angelina Jolie leads an international conference bringing attention to the use of rape as a weapon of war. She is in
London.
Plus, are the streets of Cairo safe? One woman -- CNN talks to one woman about her experience of sexual harassment. All that and more, after
this.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
ANDERSON: A global summit aimed at ending sexual violence in conflict zones is underway in London. British foreign secretary William Hague and
UN envoy Angelina Jolie are hosting that gathering.
Rape committed during war is often used to terrorize the population and break up families. Sometimes it's used to purposely infect women with
HIV or to render them incapable of bearing children. For centuries, it was considered one of the spoils of war.
The issue of rape as an international crime came to the UN Security Council in 1992 when more than 60,000 women were raped during the conflict
in the former Yugoslavia. Then in 1994, during the three months of genocide in Rwanda, between 100,000 and 250,000 women were raped.
UN agencies estimate that between 1991 and 2002, more than 60,000 women were raped during the civil war in Sierra Leone. And the Democratic
Republic of Congo is sadly know as the rape capital of the world. At least 200,000 women have been raped in the country since 1998.
Let's cross the conference in London. Zainab Hawa Bangura is the UN secretary-general's special representative on sexual violence in conflict,
and she joins me now. And it's a pleasure to have you on. I know you've been in the job for two years. Let's just -- I want to just set a context
for this.
Over that period of time, according to UNICEF, almost 300 million young women have been the victims of sexual violence. That is during your
tenure at the UN. I'm not by any stretch of the imagination blaming you for that. But just give me a sense of how big this job is for you and what
you hope you might achieve with a conference like this.
ZAINAB HAWA BANGURA, UN SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN CONFLICT: Thank you very much, Becky. I think one of the things that I
have come to realize is that no country has a monopoly of sexual violence. Whether it's Colombia, Bosnia, Syria, Democratic Republic of Congo, it's
across the world.
And secondly, the victims are becoming younger and younger. Like you said, with UNICEF working on it, Save the Children last year came out with
a report that says that half of the victims that are being raped -- 50 percent of them are children. I have see three-month-old babies --
(CROSSTALK)
ANDERSON: Zainab, one the problems is --
BANGURA: -- six-month-old babies --
ANDERSON: -- with the conference, sorry.
BANGURA: Seventy-four-year-old men.
ANDERSON: Sorry, I think we've got bit of a delay on the line. One of the problems with a conference like this, people will say, is it's all
very well to get people together, but there's a lot of talk and very little action at the end of this. And as you speak at these conference, the
attacks continue on the ground. And the sense is that things are getting worse, not better.
BANGURA: No, Becky. I think the important issue we all have to realize is that there's been a culture of denial and silence in most of the
countries where this crime is happening. So, the fact that we're able to bring about the 159 countries around the world who have agreed to commit to
take out concrete action.
Which, of course, includes passing the rights laws, making sure that it's properly investigated, documenting it, and taking action. And I think
that is a very big beginning for us.
ANDERSON: It's a good start, isn't it? But many of these countries are the same countries where we are reporting on these incidents of rape as
a weapon of war again and again and again. No matter how laws are instituted and how often these cases are documented, it does continue,
doesn't it, on the ground? What can the rest of us do to help you out doing your job, as it were?
BANGURA: I think the whole world has to make sure that whenever rape is committed, wherever it is committed, whoever committed, that action is
taken against them.
And I have to let you know, Becky, there are countries as we speak today that rape in conflict is not a crime. And the fact that we're
working on signing this agreement and working with them, we were going to monitor them to make sure that they prosecute people who commit sexual
violence in their crime.
And the fact that they are here and committed to working at it, we're very happy for it. And I think the job we have now is how we ensure that
they put in place the specific laws and the structures and the processes that will ensure that anybody who commits sexual violence in any country
will be prosecuted.
ANDERSON: Zainab, you make an awful lot of sense. We thank you very much, indeed, for joining us. We hope that this will be a successful
conference and that more can be done in the future. Thank you.
In an interview with CNN's Christiane Amanpour, Angelina Jolie explained how she got involved in what is, I think we would all agree, an
extremely important cause.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
ANGELINA JOLIE, ACTRESS AND ACTIVIST: You are moved by someone you meet, and for me, it was time and again meeting young girls, boys, and
women, and men, who talked about -- publicly could talk about all of their pains, but privately would become very emotional and tell me about the rape
and what had happened to them.
Or the child they couldn't tell that the child was a child of rape, or they couldn't -- they just simply couldn't function anymore. And they
carried this deep shame and this deep pain.
And it was just too many. It was just one too many where you look around and think, how is it that this -- I meet a girl that's been gang-
raped by 15 men with pipes and pieces of wood, and she's had fistula and she's had to be sewn back together and she's a child. And nobody's going
to be held accountable.
And it was just again and again and again meeting these people and these victims and just -- and the more I would learn about what had been
done on their behalf and who had been convicted, and it was just pitiful. It was nothing.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
ANDERSON: Angelina Jolie. You can hear more of Christiane's interview with her and William Hague on "Amanpour" starting at 7:00 PM
London, 8:00 in Berlin. You can work that out wherever you are watching in the world.
In Egypt, activists say that at least five women were sexually assaulted by mobs in Tahrir Square in the past week. Police arrested seven
men on Monday. But this has done little to calm the anger brewing there. Reza Sayah with a closer look at what some say is a deep-rooted problem in
Egyptian society.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
REZA SAYAH, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): The nightmare started here, the main bus depot in downtown Cairo.
SARAH FOUAD, ALLEGED SEXUAL HARASSMENT VICTIM: I was walking the street.
SAYAH: Sarah Fouad noticed a man following her.
FOUAD: I saw this person, and he followed me to the bus.
SAYAH: When Sarah boarded the bus, there he was.
FOUAD: He was asking the driver, "This bus is going to where?"
SAYAH: When she got on the bus, the man followed.
SAYAH (on camera): There he is again.
FOUAD: Yes. He was asking me, "Where are you going?"
SAYAH (voice-over): Then, things take a dangerous turn when she sat down to wait for another.
FOUAD: He came to that chair next to my chair. Then he started rubbing his hand on my chair. Then he comes closer to me and he told me,
"I want you to come to my apartment." I took mace, and I sprayed him. I tried it on his face and I told him, "I don't understand why you are
following me."
SAYAH (on camera): Sarah was lucky. She chased away her harasser, who police later identified, and she wasn't hurt. But as soon as that man
inappropriately touched her, Sarah became yet another victim in what many call an epidemic of sexual harassment here in Egypt.
SAYAH (voice-over): A UN study last year showed nine out of ten women in Egypt are victims of sexual harassment. A recent undercover
investigation by a private Egyptian TV station showed even a man, disguised as a woman, was repeatedly victimized in Cairo's street. All proof,
women's rights activists say, that authorities do not take sexual harassment seriously.
SAYAH (on camera): But now, thanks to a new law that criminalizes sexual assaults and harassment, activists say there are signs that
authorities are finally waking up to the problem.
SAYAH (voice-over): The law, passed last week by Egypt's former interim president, makes sexual harassment punishable by a minimum six
months in jail and fines of roughly $400.
DALIA ABD ELHAMEED, EGYPTIAN WOMEN'S RIGHTS ACTIVIST: Of course, we are still --
SAYAH: Women's rights activist Dalia Abd Elhameed welcomes the new law, but says change will come only when police enforce it and Egypt's
government raises public awareness.
ELHAMEED: The state has the responsibility to guarantee the implementation and the enforcement of that law by talking to judges and by
training policemen to receive complaints, and by raising the awareness of women to file complaints and ending that culture of impunity.
SAYAH: One of the first tests of Egypt's new law will come from Sarah Fouad. She's filed a police case against her attacker and says a
conviction will send a strong message.
FOUAD: I think many people want this case -- want me to win this case, because if I win this case, it would be a big victory for harassment
law.
SAYAH: Reza Sayah, CNN, Cairo.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
ANDERSON: All right, 36 hours from now, Brazil plays Croatia in the opening match of FIFA's World Cup 2014. Now, the Samba Kings, as the
Brazilian team is known, have hopes far beyond winning that opening match. Alex Thomas sat down with former Brazil captain Cafu, and his first
question: can their 22-year-old striker, Neymar, lead Brazil to its long- lost trophy? Have a listen.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
CAFU, FORMER WORLD CUP-WINNING BRAZIL CAPTAIN (through translator): He's not under pressure, because he's always skillful. He's setting the
standard in Brazilian football and in world football. It's normal that everyone is looking at him. He's the biggest hope that we have.
He plays the beautiful game. Let's see if he's prepared for all the pressure. We hope that he will be prepared for everything that could
happen in this kid's life from now on.
But there's one important thing to know: we are not giving him the responsibility of our country. We're only giving him the responsibility of
one soccer game.
ALEX THOMAS, CNN SPORTS CORRESPONDENT: Lionel Messi and Christiano Ronaldo know all about carrying the hopes of their countries on their
shoulders. Is it important for those two players to do well at this World Cup so they're remembered as all-time great players?
CAFU (through translator): The World Cup is the thermometer that measures when others think you have become a great player and when you
believe it yourself. They're already considered the best in the world individually, but the national teams they play for weren't considered the
best in the world because they didn't win a World Cup.
The same applies Neymar as Messi and Ronaldo. I they win the World Cup, they will be 100 percent as great as the biggest players ever. They
are two big players, but I think they need that World Cup title, and that's the only way to complete their conquest.
THOMAS: Should footballers be allowed sex before matches?
CAFU: Fantastico.
(LAUGHTER)
CAFU (through translator): Fantastic. Before the game, no. The day of the game, he can do it, but the day before, fantastic. Then you go to
the game feeling relaxed, as if you are flying.
(LAUGHTER)
CAFU: Campo vue orno (ph).
THOMAS: I don't think I need the translation on that one.
(LAUGHTER)
THOMAS: So, that was your secret?
CAFU (through translator): It could be, but always with my wife.
THOMAS: Should Brazilian people be allowed to protest or strike at this World Cup?
CAFU (through translator): I think the best moment to protest is at the end of the World Cup. This will be the moment we can show ourselves
that we can fight for our rights -- better location, better health care, better culture, better transportation.
This is the moment we can show the world we are capable of staging a well-organized World Cup. We will show we are a democratic country, and
later, fight for our rights.
THOMAS: Does football need a good story? There's been so many bad stories. We saw the sponsors complaining about the image of football.
Would it be nice for football to have a great World Cup to help its image?
CAFU (through translator): The World Cup gives us the great stories. The great football stories come from the World Cup. The big matches, the
big clashes. I think the World Cup makes the history of football a truly fantastic story.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
ANDERSON: Cafu there. Now, get in touch, we want to hear from you. If you're traveling to Rio, for example, you may instantly break out in a
sweat. Even though it's Brazil's cool season, temperatures hovering at 26 degrees, humidity 70 percent. It's hot here tonight, I know what you will
feel like, or what you feel like if you're there.
Let us know if you're there, if you're traveling there, or whether you're just going to watch, who you're supporting, and why. What's your
first memory of the World Cup? Have your say @BeckyCNN, of course as well. You can get me on Twitter @BeckyCNN. Instagram is Becky and CNN.
All right, your Parting Shots this evening. Football fortune telling. Just check out these guys.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
(MEN SPEAKING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE)
(END VIDEO CLIP)
ANDERSON: Shamans in Peru are holding a ritual to predict the World Cup winner, and they are going with the home squad, forecasting a sixth
World Cup title for Brazil with a victory over Argentina in the final. And a message to any nervous Brazilian football fans: calm down, apparently.
They don't look very calm, do they?
I'm Becky Anderson. That was CONNECT THE WORLD. Thank you for watching. Our predictions tomorrow night, 12 hours from the opening match.
See you then.
END
