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Connect the World
Typhoon Hagupit Batters The Philippines; Sexual Assault Victims' Advocates Fearful Rolling Stone Apology Might Halt Conversation; South Africa's Reaction To Failed U.S. Hostage Rescue; Examining Choke-Hold Use; Racial Tensions With US Law Enforcement; Parting Shots: Kurds Start Over Amid War and Violence; OPEC Power; Oil Earners; Investment in US Shale Production; Iran's Petroleum Potential
Aired December 07, 2014 - 11:00 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
JIM CLANCY, CNN HOST: Battering an already battered nation: Typhoon Hagupit hits the Philippines one year after another super storm devastated large
parts of the country. We'll have a special report from Tacloban, one of the worst affected areas the last time around.
Also ahead, more details emerging about that special forces mission in Yemen. The South African hostage who died apparently due to be released
within days. We get reaction from Johannesburg.
Tear gas and smoke canisters in California: rallies against police tactics turn violent at times in the U.S. We're going to talk to a former U.S.
Marshall who has joined the protests.
ANNOUNCER: This is the hour we CONNECT THE WORLD.
CLANCY: Thrashing the Philippines with its relentless rain and wind, Typhoon Hagupit has left at least two people dead and the storm's low speed
may be making matters worse. A 1-year-old child and a 55-year-old man died of hypothermia in a central province of the country. Several hundred
thousand people have been evacuated. There are fears, of course, of flooding, landslides, and a four meter tall storm surge.
But in the city of Tacloban, which was badly hit by last year's Typhoon Haiyan, residents breathed a sigh of relief. Everyone there escaped unhurt.
Our Asia-Pacific editor Andrew Stevens has more.
Meteorologist Ivan Cabrera, though, is going to join us right now. He's going to track the storm for us, tell us where it's at, where it's going
and why it's slowing down, and that's not necessarily good news.
IVAN CABREAR, CNN METEOROLOGIST: No, it's terrible news. In fact, I think we've transitioned now from that storm surge threat and from the severe
weather -- severe wind threat to a flooding threat. And that's going to continue over the next couple of days, Jim, because of the slow movement as
you pointed out.
Look at this, 9 kilometers per hour, basically almost stalled across the central Philippines. And what that will do is it will continue spiraling in
these bands of very heavy rainfall. Within those bands, we are going to see tropical storm force wind gusts, that in and of itself, if you have a
structure that is not well built, it certainly come down and do some damage even with winds under 100 kilometers per hour.
We're at the center as of the last advisory we're at 140 kilometers per hour.
Take a look at what's been happening here as far as the rains, which I think once we are done with this storm, unless something dramatically
changes here, it will be known for what it left behind as far as the rain.
461 millimeters so far across the eastern Philippines. And all of that rain beginning to push off to the west. We'll begin soon to get some numbers
here across western part of the Archipelago. And I think they will be similar numbers. As we have been talked about, we forecasted half a meter
that has already happened and we're forecasting a lot more towards the north and west. Not a lot more than 500, just similar totals.
24 hour, 48 hours, we're done with it, but in 24 hours it doesn't move that much. And that's my concern here that during that time it's going to be
dumping some very heavy rainfall. And because of the typography, you can get scenes like this.
Let me take you to what's happening here now. This is just to the west of Legazpi here. This is on the road that goes around the Mayon volcano, which
recently erupted, left some ash on the side of the volcano and that ash, well, it's coming down. It's coming down towards the road. And what you are
seeing there is what we call the hard debris, rocks, ash, all of that mess coming down by the roads. It's going to be clogging up certainly drains
there and it is going to be quite a while before we can get those waters to recede and that is going to be the story over the next couple of days.
I do think we have the potential here for this death toll to go up as a result of what is coming. I'm not trying to scare you, I just want you to
know that we are not done with this storm, although it doesn't look as impressive.
This is a problem, 200 to 500 millimeters of rainfall coming down in just 24 hours, Jim, that could be life threatening, certainly, with flash
flooding, mudslides and landslides.
CLANCY: You know, Ivan, important point here and I think people want to know this in the Philippines, is there any hope that the storm will dry
out, so to speak so the rainfall actually declines?
CABRERA: It's still raining pretty heavily. I don't think it's going to do that. And I think it doesn't take that much.
OK, so let's say we get instead of 500, 250, that is still going to be a problem, that is still going to cause some flash flooding there across
portions of Luzon, including Manila.
CLANCY: All right, so still a dangerous situation, but it looks like the preparations have paid off in some of those coastal areas. There were high
winds, damage so far that we're hearing reported not as bad as had been feared.
Still some serious damage in many places.
CABRERA: Yeah, what killed 6,000 people, let's be very clear, was the storm surge that was brought on by Haiyan last year. It was a perfect storm, 350
kilometer per hour winds and the water pushed onto a bay and the water had nowhere to go but up and that's what flooded the area and that's what took
all those lives. That did not happen in this case.
CLANCY: All right, Ivan Cabrera thanks as always, keeping us up to date, giving us an accurate look at a still very dangerous storm. Appreciate it.
Well, now we want to transition to a tragically failed and ultimately deadly hostage rescue that was attempted over the weekend. It was in Yemen.
The U.S. military raided a compound early on Saturday in Yemen's Shabwah Province, that's southeast of the capital Sana'a. The goal, free an
American hostage, Luke Somers. Instead, Somers, who is shown here on the left, and another hostage, South African teacher Pierre Korkie who was also
being held, were killed by the militants as the U.S. forces were about 100 meters from the compound.
Our Sunlen Serfaty has details for us now from Washington.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
SUNLEN SERFATY, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: The mission extremely risky and made urgent when U.S. intelligence shows American Luke Somers
would be murdered by Saturday morning. By mid-morning Friday, the president authorizes the rescue, giving no hint of the drama about to play out.
Just a few hours later, according to U.S. officials, two V-22 Ospreys, under cover of darkness, touched down in a remote area of Yemen, some six
miles from the compound where the hostages are held. About 40 special force commandos, mostly Navy SEALS, move undetected over the rough terrain.
But suddenly everything goes wrong when just 300 feet away, they are exposed, maybe by a barking dog. A firefight breaks out. And as a U.S.
drone watches overhead, one terrorist runs back inside and shoots both hostages.
U.S. forces kill five AQAP terrorists, the rest flee. And in one of the most dangerous parts of the mission, a combat medical team needs to spend a
tent half hour on the ground trying to stabilize the two gravely wounded men.
Finally, they are flown back to the USS Makin Island off Yemen's coast, but one dies on the way and another dies on the ship.
JONATHAN GILLIAM, FRM. U.S. NAVY SEAL: You have to look at this from a very surgical point, just like a heart surgeon or a brain surgeon; Some will
live, some will die.
SERFATY: As word of the failed rescue mission leaks out, the president calls Luke Somers killing a barbaric murder. Vice President Biden promises
the U.S. will be relentless in seeking justice.
JOE BIDEN, VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: The women and men who are special forces who are engaged in these two rescue missions did an
incredible job. And inflicted serious damage on the captors.
But this time, this time they were unable to save Luke.
SERFATY: Sunlen Serfaty, CNN, Washington.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
CLANCY: Well, the United States is reflecting on how that raid in Yemen may have gone so wrong. Pentagon chief Chuck Hagel, the defense secretary,
spoke about the two hostages deaths earlier.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
CHUCK HAGEL, U.S. DEFENSE SECRETARY: Our hearts are full of sorrow tonight, our prayers and thoughts go out to the Somers family. There was also
another hostage who was also killed in that attempted rescue. And our prayers go out to all the families involved.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
CLANCY: Now CNN's chief U.S. security correspondent Jim Sciutto is traveling with Secretary Hagel in the Middle East right now. He joins us on
the line from Kuwait City. What kinds of insights are we getting into some of the details as we look harder at this failed bid? And are they sure it
wasn't friendly fire that claimed the lives of the two hostages?
JIM SCIUTTO, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Well, Jim, U.S. officials are confident that it was one of the captors who went in and shot these hostages as the
rescue team was approaching. And keep in mind they would have had what military calls ISR, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance overhead,
a drone, et cetera, able to watch this.
But it's interesting, earlier today we were able to speak to Defense Secretary Hagel while we were still in Afghanistan and ask him about this,
because remember this was the second attempt to free Somers and he had a previous failed attempt to free Jim Foley in Syria, you'll remember, a
number of months ago. And we asked him, we said do you -- you know, are there going to be a review, a reassessment of how these missions are
launched. His answer was, was no.
One, he said, listen it would not have been launched if he and the president and all their advisers didn't believe they had the right intel to
launch it now.
But in addition to that, that there was urgency. He said in his words was it imperfect? Yes. Is there risk? Yes. But he said remember this begins
with an American's life in danger and it was the U.S. military's belief that Luke Somers' life was in immediate danger, that he was in fact going
to be killed yesterday by his captors. So really it was their only choice to have a chance, they say, to get him out alive. But, you know,
unfortunately that was not the end result.
CLANCY: Jim, while I have you here on the line, and as you are just down on the plane there in Kuwait coming in from Afghanistan. I wonder if you can
share with us some of the observations of your visit there. How far out you got. Were you able to talk with troops. What is the attitude about the
training mission ahead, the slightly increased number of U.S. troops that will remain there in Afghanistan in 2015.
SCIUTTO: Well, we were able to get out to what they used to call a FOB, a forward operating base, but is now being renamed a TAAC, which stands for
train, advise and assist command, because training, advising and assisting Afghan forces is the new focus of the U.S. and the NATO mission there.
Secretary Hagel had a chance to speak to troops in addition to us there. And his words were this, he said that we are -- we are, in the U.S. is
working its way out of a job in Afghanistan. It meant to be in a positive way, that the focus now is giving the Afghans the job of securing the
country.
U.S. officials have said that to date right now 99 percent of missions in their words are already have an Afghan in the lead. So, starting in 2015,
the U.S. is going to pull back, no longer a combat role, focus on that train, advise and assist role.
But to be clear, and this is another point Defense Secretary Hagel made to me today while speaking with him U.S. troops, NATO forces are still going
to face danger there, because it's still a dangerous place. We still have a tremendous threat from the Taliban, so even as they are focusing on train,
advise and assist that doesn't mean that they're out of the words in terms of the danger that they face on the ground there.
CLANCY: All right, Jim Sciutto, chief U.S. security correspondent there traveling with Secretary Hagel. He's in Kuwait right now, but a thorough
look there, a different look, if you will, at what was once a forward operating base on the ground in Afghanistan amidst the changing mission.
Thanks so much.
Well, still to come right here on Connect the World, reaction from Johannesburg on the South African hostage who was killed by terrorists
apparently with freedom in his sights. That's next.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
CLANCY: Welcome back, everyone. You're watching Connect the World on CNN. I'm Jim Clancy.
Well, we're getting word of a big terror sweep in Saudi Arabia right now. 135 suspects arrested, authorities say many of them were planning attacks
inside the kingdom. Some were picked up in an eastern community where Shia Muslims have been clashing with security forces. 26 of the suspects are
from outside Saudi Arabia, including several Syrians and Yemenis.
Well, let's go back to one of our top stories, and that is that failed U.S. rescue operation in Yemen. We've heard the American side, two hostages lost
their lives when their captors, members of al Qaeda, turned on them and shot them as U.S. forces tried to raid their compound. They were American
Luke Somers on the left there, and South African Pierre Korkie on the right, a teacher.
According to relief group Gift of the Givers, negotiations for Korkie's release had been underway for months. and he was just days away from being
a free man. Well, now there is in some circles anger in South Africa over the fact that he lost his life in that U.S. raid that went awry.
Much of it is aimed at American forces. They apparently lost the element of surprise before they could reach those hostages.
For more on the South African reaction, I'm joined by Philip De Wet, the associate editor of the Mail and Guardian. He's in Johannesburg, joining us
via Skype. Thanks so much for being with us.
Let's just begin here, is there really that much anger or do people see the hazards of working in a place like Yemen and being taken captive?
PHILIP DE WET, MAIL AND GUARDIAN: Jim, there's been surprising little anger as of yet. South Africans are still just getting to grips with the news
that Pierre Korkie is dead. The South African government is very much focusing on getting his body back to South Africa. We understand it is
expected to arrive tomorrow.
But as of today there has not been that much blame going around yet. We think that might be coming Monday and Tuesday as the body arrives and as
funeral arrangements start being made and as people start asking the tough questions about what exactly happened during that rescue.
CLANCY: Of course you know the Americans would have been heroes if they had been safely rescued. They weren't. And so there are going to be these
questions. That's only reasonable. But this case, Korkie's case, had been a twisted one. There was -- you know, his wife was released, what, back in
March. They were working together. She worked for that aid organization, he was a teacher. But then they got into the negotiations, demands for $3
million, accusations that somebody in the group had stolen the money. It just went on and on.
DE WET: And it's the timing that is so terrible. His wife was actually released in January. She's been home for about a year. She has been working
tirelessly to raise the profile of his case to try to raise the money.
Keep in mind that initially the cell was asking for a vast, sort of ludicrous amount of money. We understand that through patient negotiations
that number had been brought down to about $200,000, still a large sum of money, but something that the family could have raised in South Africa.
And it's that timing again, the Gift of the Givers tell us that Pierre was expected to be released today, that all the arrangements had been made,
that the paperwork had been done, that the flights had been booked and they were telling his wife that he would be home for Christmas.
Now, unfortunately, he will be home for Christmas, but unfortunately he'll be buried. And again we're kind of surprised that South Africans are still
seemingly quite understanding about this. As you said, a lot of people pointing out that the Americans were at least doing something, whereas the
South African government was not directly involved in these negotiations. And the criticism still quite surprisingly muted.
CLANCY: Yeah, we'll have to see how much the South African government may have known. We'll have to wait and see.
You know, the U.S. government saying that they had no knowledge the Korkie was even there. They knew there was another man, but they weren't sure it
was him. You're right, we have to wait. We have to assess things you know as they become available to us. Philip De Wet, associate editor of the Mail
and Guardian. Read your paper a lot. Thanks for being with us.
DE WET: It's a great pleasure, Jim.
CLANCY: Well, live from the CNN Center, this is Connect the World. And coming up on our report, protests in the U.S. taking a violent turn as
calls against racial injustice and alleged police brutality seem to be growing louder even as they last longer.
Concerns on the University of Virginia campus as well after an erroneous article on sexual assault in Rolling Stone magazine. We're going to tell
you why activists feel it could keep people from coming forward to report sexual crimes.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
CLANCY: Welcome back everyone. You're watching Connect the World. We're live from CNN Center. I'm Jim Clancy.
Sexual assault survivors say they hope victims will still come forward after the fallout from an erroneous Rolling Stones story about a college
campus rape. After the magazine apologized for what it said were discrepancies, anti-rape activists held an event in Virginia near the
campus featured in the article. And they were talking to high school and college students.
CNN's Sara Ganim spoke with some of those university students as well as survivors.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
SARA GANIM, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Shock, surprise and concern, that's how many here at the University of Virginia are feeling this weekend after Rolling
Stone magazine's apology. The main concern that the broader issue of campus sexual assault will be lost, the stories of survivors discredited.
ASHLEY BROWN, UVA STUDENT: Honestly, I was terrified when I first heard the news that...
GANIM: Sexual assault survivors like Ashley Brown (ph) immediately began to worry after Rolling Stone magazine backed away from its explosive reporting
of an alleged gang rape at a University of Virginia fraternity house.
BROWN: Whether or not every letter of it happened exactly as it was written, that doesn't change the fact that sexual assault is still a huge
issue.
GANIM: Several survivors we've talked to say there is still too much tolerance at UVA where rape is misunderstood there's even a nickname for
it.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Bad experience, yeah, that's the overwhelming euphemism is that you just had a bad experience with a person, or you had a
bad experience at that party or at that hour, or whatever.
EMILY POWELL, UVA STUDENT: You know what I'm talking about, but I'm not actually saying it.
GANIM: Emily Powell says she was assaulted by an acquaintance last year.
POWELL: I remember crying. I remember crying when it happened. And I remember saying no and I remember pushing him off of me and then I remember
sobbing.
GANIM: According to university officials 38 UVA students reported to the university that they were raped last year, none of those reports led to
expulsions and there is no way of knowing how many more are like Emily and didn't report what happened to them.
POWELL: You really start wondering, well, is it actually going to do me any good to report? For some people, it's worth it and for some people it's
not.
GANIM: Lyra Bartell started the process of reporting her attack, but found it too hard to finish.
LYRA BARTELL, UVA STUDENT: I was having panic attacks on campus. I was literally covering my face with a hood and running from class to class
because I so fearful of running into the person that had hurt me.
GANIM: Eventually, Bartell dropped her case, but told CNN she witnessed disturbing scenes like having to carry friends out of frat parties where
she says they were drugged.
BARTELL: People use words like, oh, that's the rapey frat.
BROWN: The majority of the narratives I've heard have been, oh, well you're not hot enough to get into this party, or you know, try a different frat.
GANIM: Members of the Inter-Fraternity Council released a statement acknowledging there is a bigger issue, saying, quote, "we ask that our
community does not become mired in the details of one specific incident, but rather that we continue relentlessly pursuing institutionalized
survivor support," a sentiment university president Theresa Sullivan agrees with.
THERESA SULLIVA, UVA PRESIDENT: There is a piece of our culture that is broken. And I ask your help in coming together as a strong and resilient
community to fix it.
GANIM: Welcome words for survivors like Ashley Brown.
BROWN: I think that that attitude definitely existed, but I will say I think that a lot of the Greek system is finally waking up.
GANIM: Since the Rolling Stone story broke, the university has instituted a zero tolerance policy. The police investigation into the alleged gang rape
continues.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
CLANCY: Well, the latest world news headlines are straight ahead.
Plus, we're going to take a look at what life is really like for Kurds trying to rebuild and carry on in northern Iraq and Syria.
And our parting shots.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
CLANCY: This is CONNECT THE WORLD, I'm Jim Clancy, and here are your headlines. A government spokesman in the Philippines reports at least two
people have died as a result of Typhoon Hagupit, which is still dumping tremendous amounts of rain on the archipelago. Flooding and landslides are
threatening the country as the storm travels slowly toward the capital, Manila.
Saudi Arabia says it has arrested 135 people on terror-related charges. Authorities say many of the suspects were planning attacks inside the
kingdom.
US Secretary of State John Kerry says he's "deeply dismayed" an American journalist was charged and denied bail in Iran. "Washington Post" Tehran
bureau chief Jason Rezaian has been in custody since July. It is not yet clear what he's accused of doing.
Protesters and police clashed in Berkeley, California on Saturday night. Demonstrators, angry about the decision not to indict a white police
officer for the choke-hold death in New York of Eric Garner, an African- American.
A medical examiner said that Eric Garner's death was, in part, caused by the compression of his neck and chest while police were trying to restrain
him. CNN's Martin Savidge found out exactly how a choke-hold is performed, why it's used, and how it feels.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
MARTIN SAVIDGE, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): The first thing I discovered is police aren't the only ones to use a choke-hold. It's also a
martial arts move.
MATT SCHEIB, BLACK BELT JUDO INSTRUCTOR: Martin, how are you doing?
SAVIDGE (on camera): How are you? Good.
SAVIDGE (voice-over): Matt Scheib is a black belt Judo instructor. Turns out, there's a lot of ways to choke someone, but really only two styles:
cut off the oxygen's supply to the lungs, or cut off the blood to the brain. Matt is good enough to demonstrate both on me, starting with the air
supply choke.
SAVIDGE (on camera): OK. Well, all right, so that's the restricting the airflow by simply pressing up against the windpipe here. And it cuts off
your ability to talk as well as cuts off your ability to breathe.
SCHEIB: It's really going to break apart in your throat.
SAVIDGE: All right. Next step is the -- this is the blood flow one, right?
SCHEIB: And same thing, when you feel it, just tap.
SAVIDGE: All right. OK. That one creates a sensation of light-headedness. You can definitely -- you sort of get that tunnel vision thing. Much
quicker.
SAVIDGE (voice-over): It is the last choke, that blood supply choke, experts say is the safer of the two techniques because it's easier to
restore bloodflow than it is to get someone breathing again. Phil Holloway is the next guy to wrap his arms around my neck. He's actually an attorney.
PHIL HOLLOWAY, ATTORNEY: You tell me, what does that feel like?
SAVIDGE (on camera, struggling to speak): I think it's very difficult to talk or -- give a strong breath, yes.
SAVIDGE (voice-over): Holloway's also a former beat cop in Georgia and tells me something interesting: different police departments use different
chokes. There's no national standard. Georgia's choke-hold goes for the oxygen supply, but --
HOLLOWAY: Georgia emphasizes restraint that winds up with the person being face up as opposed to face down in order to prevent this positional
asphyxiation.
SAVIDGE: That's the mistake the lawyer side of Holloway sees when he reviews the take-down of Eric Garner. The victim is dragged down falling
forward, increasing the danger.
HOLLOWAY: They're dragging him forward, while this guy's got him sort of pulling him backwards, and so it adds more pressure against that windpipe.
SAVIDGE: There's another problem with choking off oxygen: the victim's inability to breathe triggers a built-in human response.
HOLLOWAY: The adrenaline response kicks in and the body tries to do what it can to get air into the lungs. That can be misinterpreted by officers as
continued resistance.
SAVIDGE: Causing the officers to apply even more force in a deadly escalation. As I found, choke-holds can be extremely effective. But experts
say, get it wrong for even a few seconds and the results can be tragic. Like a taser or pepper spray, may police departments still see the choke-
hold as a valuable alternative when trying to restrain someone, far safer, they say, than using a gun.
Martin Savidge, CNN, Atlanta.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
CLANCY: All right, let's get more now on the racial tension that is widespread across the US. Growing discontent is what we see in the streets
with law enforcement. Well, Matthew Fogg joins us live from Washington. He's a retired chief deputy US marshal.
I looked at what Martin was reporting -- and by the way, I'm glad he did the reporting and went through those two choke-holds -- but it raises a
question, as that police officer advisor was pointing out, you put somebody in a choke-hold where you cut off their air, their natural response is to
try to fight because they're trying to breathe.
MATTHEW FOGG, CHIEF DEPUTY US MARSHAL, RETIRED: That's right. That's exactly right. And that's one of the reasons why that it was outlawed in
New York by their police department. I kind of say it's tantamount to actually deadly force, because there's some people say, why can't we shoot
someone in the arm or the leg. You can't determine where that bullet is going to go.
It's the same way with that choke-hold. In a melee incident like that, where you've got officers pulling and everybody's grabbing and yanking on
someone, you can easily kill them, just like what we saw on television with Eric Garner.
CLANCY: You know, I've been discussing this today with others in law enforcement and some of our own experts, and there's a real sense here that
the dissatisfaction that we see in the streets of the United States really isn't one case. It isn't one thing. It's a general sense that somehow, some
way, the black community, the minority communities are not being fairly treated by white police officers, who are then never held accountable.
FOGG: And that's so true. I've worked with departments all over the country, with dragnet operations, US marshals working with NYPD, LAPD,
Miami PD, and I've talked to a lot of the citizens around the country, and I've seen this sort of attitude from the police.
And especially when you're talking about race. I knew from on the job it was a culture that we knew that if we locked up black folks, whatever we
said they did, that whole institution from the prosecutor to the judge, everybody was going to back us up. If the same situation happened to be a
white person, we knew that somebody would want to know, did you cross your Ts and dot your Is?
So, this was this culture that we see. I think the young people are beginning to understand it, and they're saying enough is enough, and
they're coming together and they're saying it's time for change.
CLANCY: Matthew, I want to go all the way back. I was recollecting -- I started out as a police beat reporter in San Francisco, and I remember a
young, white officer who was up on charges, he'd been involved in a shooting in what we'd call the projects, where it is public-supported
housing, not a particularly nice place either to live or to try to work.
And one of the other officers said to him, "You made a mistake when you went into this shooting. You made a mistake."
And he said, "What mistake was that?"
And he said, "You answered the call." In other words, don't go to that community, don't get involved.
FOGG: Right. And see, that tells you, that's a part of the whole culture itself. It tells you about the system. If that's known, then that should be
known from the top up, and they should be saying, look, we need to change that perception, even if it's the wrong perception.
But what we find is that it seems like in those areas, that's what police will respond. They say, either we just won't go, or if we go, we're going
to go in force, and we're going to go and somebody's going to get hurt. And then they're going to operate in a way that they would never operate in a
more affluent or white community.
CLANCY: At the same time, when you balance it out, if you want the support, if you want the police protection, if you want them involved in the
communities, does there have to be more of a proactive role of black leaders to try to end the violence there? Obviously working on the core
issues we're talking about, which is employment, which is income, poverty.
FOGG: Well, that's one aspect of it. But policing -- let's just talk about policing, law enforcement. I should, as a law enforcement officer, when I
go into a community, it's supposed to be community policing.
Now, one of the things that I find is that they've put a lot of officers in these communities that don't understand the community that they're in. So,
the first thing you want to do is get people in those communities.
There used to be a time where there was what we called beat cops, where that cop was actually placed in communities that he understood. I think if
we had more of that, we wouldn't seem some of the disturbing types of situations we saw and --
(CROSSTALK)
CLANCY: Matthew, let me get in just a quick one at the end, I don't have a lot of time left.
FOGG: Yes.
CLANCY: But I want to know, I see these protests are going coast-to-coast over various cases. They seem to have duration. Is something going to
change this time?
FOGG: I'm hoping so. I'm hoping that the whole system, the paradigm of law enforcement changes. Because race is a major issue here, and that's what --
that's what's coming out here. I think people are beginning to -- finally beginning to see, when you look at the empirical data, you see the
disparities, you see officers like myself who've experienced it, understand it.
I wouldn't be saying this if I didn't really see it with my own eyes and understand that race is a major problem, and that has to change in law
enforcement. So, I'm hoping the criminal justice system will change.
CLANCY: Retired chief deputy US marshal Matthew Fogg, I want to thank you very much for sharing some of your perspective with us. It's an important
one.
FOGG: Thank you.
CLANCY: Well, the team at CONNECT THE WORLD wants to hear from you on this story or any other, facebook.com/CNNconnect. Have your say. And remember,
you can always send me a tweet @ClancyCNN, one word.
All right. In today's Parting Shots, Irish photojournalist Ivor Pickett (sic) -- Prickett, I should say -- shows us how Kurds in northern Iraq and
Syria are right now trying to lead more normal lives, despite being surrounded by nothing but war and violence.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
IVOR PRICKETT, PHOTOJOURNALIST: My name's Ivor Prickett. I'm from Ireland. My project is called Dreaming of a Homeland. And it's about the Kurds in
northern Iraq and northeast Syria.
It's a look at daily life in that part of the world. The contrast between the surrounding instability with the economic and social prosperity that
has been going on in northern Iraq.
I think the opening picture has a lot of resonance for me, a Kurdish man praying in a little patch of well-manicured fake grass in front of a huge
Turkish-built shopping mall in Erbil, because it talks about this clash of two worlds, of two civilizations.
The north of the region is bombed by Turkish fighter jets. So, he was from all sides surrounded by violence and this specter of war, meant it was all
the more amazing that you had the kids playing the video games and wanting to -- beginning to live a very middle class lifestyle in Erbil and other
cities in northern Iraq.
Things have definitely changed, but there's still, like I say, the reason for the title of the project, they're still dreaming. They're still holding
onto the, I think, the hope for the future.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
CLANCY: And that is our Parting Shots. I'm Jim Clancy, that was CONNECT THE WORLD. Thank you for joining us.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
JOHN DEFTERIOS, HOST: Divided or united, all eyes on OPEC. Energy ministers met in Vienna against the backdrop of slowing demand and plummeting prices.
In a special edition, MARKETPLACE MIDDLE EAST heads behind the scenes at the latest ministerial gathering to get an in-depth look at the cartel's
crude concerns.
Welcome to MARKETPLACE MIDDLE EAST. The scenic city of Vienna is home to the oil producers' club, the Organization for Petroleum Exporting
Countries, or OPEC. This week, we take you on a behind-the-scenes look at an OPEC meeting and how this group has tried to influence pricing for over
a half a century.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
DEFTERIOS (voice-over): Established in autumn 1960, five oil-rich countries of the world met in Baghdad and signed on the dotted line to form OPEC.
More than five decades on, there are now 12 members, and they sit on top of more than three quarters of the world's proven reserves.
Most of that crude sits under the sands of the Middle East, a region dominated by conflict, which time and again has put the group's power to
the test. In 1973, an OPEC oil embargo on the United States after the Arab- Israeli war introduced fuel rationing and long queues at fuel stations across America. This was the world's first experience of OPEC's economic
might.
Since then, OPEC's power has waxed and waned, from a price collapse in the 1980s, where prices fell to below $10 a barrel, to a price surge in July
2008, where crude hit a record $147 a barrel.
DEFTERIOS (on camera): In the past, OPEC members would meet at their headquarters day and night for a week, if not longer. But in the last four
years of $100 oil, they've had to do very little. Now, with the advent of US shale production, that power has waned.
DEFTERIOS (voice-over): It was billed as the most important OPEC meeting in years, and it lived up to expectations with far-reaching implications.
DEFTERIOS (on camera): Minister, any comment here?
DEFTERIOS (voice-over): And it all happened under the glare of global media.
DEFTERIOS (on camera): This is part of the media circus at the OPEC secretariat. You know he's gauged the oil market by the turnout. We're told
by OPEC that 300 analysts and journalists applied to come to the 166th meeting.
DEFTERIOS (voice-over): OPEC had not had this much attention since prices slid $100 a barrel in the second half of 2008. It meant plenty of theater
for this man, Saudi Arabian oil minister Ali Al-Naimi, who entered OPEC headquarters with a plan to leave the group's oil output where it is at 30
million barrels a day, despite falling prices. He emerged with that strategy intact and pleased with the outcome.
DEFTERIOS (on camera): So, there's no production cut --
(CROSSTALK)
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Sir, no production cuts?
DEFTERIOS: No cuts?
ALI AL-NAIMI, SAUDI ARABIAN MINISTER OF PETROLEUM: I told you before that three's no cuts.
DEFTERIOS: So, they stuck with this idea that you don't need cut, just let the market determine the price?
AL-NAIMI: That's right.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: OK --
DEFTERIOS: As you predicted.
(LAUGHTER)
DEFTERIOS (voice-over): It appears OPEC is flooding the market with extra crude, hoping to bring down US shale producers, who have a much higher cost
of production.
DEFTERIOS (on camera): Are you sending this signal that you're happy to let prices drift lower because of market share?
AL-NAIMI: No, we are not -- singling -- we are not sending any signal to anybody. As I said many times to you that we don't want to panic. I mean
it.
DEFTERIOS: Do you agree with this strategy?
DEFTERIOS (voice-over): That is the official position. But members like Algeria, Iran, and Nigeria, with bigger populations and budget constraints,
had little choice but to go along with that stance. With prices hitting a five-year low after the Vienna gathering, it is not clear whether Saudi
Arabia will be able to maintain support until the reconvene in June.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
DEFTERIOS: So, what really is at stake here? It's been described as a watershed meeting, but is it all about prices? When in fact oil was trading
above the century mark, the Middle East producers of OPEC were earning about $2.5 billion a week.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
DEFTERIOS (voice-over): Saudi Arabia, with production of over 9.5 million barrels a day, would have pocketed nearly $1 billion a week. The UAE, just
under $280 million, and Libya, despite seeing production drop to 490,000 barrels a day during the revolution in 2011, would have banked just under
$100 million a week.
DEFTERIOS (on camera): There's the danger, of course, that a 30 percent fall in prices can divide OPEC going forward. Some wanted to hold
production the same. Others, in fact, were suggesting immediate action.
YOUCEF YOUSFI, ALGERIAN MINISTER OF ENERGY: I think that we should analyze the imbalances of the market today and take a decision as soon as possible
in order to correct the imbalances in the market.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The correction the board is feeling at the moment, its already 300,000.
DIEZANI ALISON-MADUEKE, NIGERIAN MINISTER OF PETROLEUM: Well, a lot of us are feeling the pain right now. But again, we have a situation where we
have OPEC and we have non-OPEC. And I think that very shortly now, both sides of the coin will have to share the burden of oil -- falling oil
prices.
SUHAIL AL-MAZROUEI, UAE MINISTER OF ENERGY: We are not targeting price, we're targeting the market stability. And the market stability will
incentivize investment. And that level of investment that is incentivized will be driven the long-term sustainability of the production.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
DEFTERIOS: That's our view from inside OPEC and some of the major players. When we come back, we'll delve into US shale production and some of the
Middle East investment going into it. Plus, my sit-down interview with Iran's energy minister, Bijan Zangeneh.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
DEFTERIOS: Welcome back to MARKETPLACE MIDDLE EAST, this week from Vienna, where the holiday season is in full swing. We know that OPEC is responding
to the threat of US shale production by not cutting its own output. But there's a lot of money going into North America to see that production go
up. Amir Daftari takes a closer look.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
AMIR DAFTARI, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Abu Dhabi is a city built on oil. But a new era in the industry is dawning. The shale
revolution has seen the US rise to the ranks of Saudi Arabia and Russia in oil production. Prices have plummeted on recent over supply, sparking talk
of a new world order.
But those right here in the Gulf are hedging their bets. Countries like Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE are diversifying their energy economies by
investing in the opposition.
For these Gulf nations, the rise of North American oil and gas is not just a threat, it's an opportunity, too. Kuwait's foreign petroleum exploration
company has already poured in $1.5 billion into an oil-rich Canadian shale deposit.
The 30 percent stake is in partnership with the US oil company, Chevron. Further south, there's a $10 billion plan for Qatar to help the US export
their shale gas from Texas.
The UAE, too, says it's considering splashing some of its money across North America, and the world's biggest oil exporter is also eyeing up US
deals. Saudi Arabia's petrol-chemical giant, SADAF, says it's in talks with several companies.
DAFTARI (on camera): For now, investment in North American shale is seen as just a backup plan. If OPEC counters the competition and oil prices rise
again, it will remain just that. And so, the crude beneath my feet will continue to build this region's economy for years to come.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
DEFTERIOS: Amir Daftari looking at the investment going into US shale production.
Iran's been starving for investment, living under a sanctions regime. But it has huge potential in energy: 157 billion barrels of proven reserves.
And it has the largest gas reserves as well. I sat down with the energy minister, Bijan Zangeneh, to talk about its potential and the recent
decisions by OPEC.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
BIJAN ZANGENEH, IRANIAN ENERGY MINSTER: I don't think it will serve to all OPEC member countries because some of the OPEC countries were -- disagreed
with the settlement. But for the unity and solidarity of OPEC, we decided not to do anything against it.
DEFTERIOS: You were the minister during the so-called "Golden Era" of Iranian production, when it was about 4.4 million barrels a day. Your
output now is about half that, 2.7 million barrels a day. How long would it take to get up to 3.8, 4 million barrels again if the sanctions were
lifted?
ZANGENEH: After two months after lifting the sanctions, we can reach to 3.8 million barrels of crude. We can reach during maximum four years, in crude
oil to 4.7 million barrels.
DEFTERIOS: You have 157 billion barrels of reserves, the largest gas reserves in the world. Is OPEC and the rest of the world ready to have Iran
come onto the energy market in such a big way?
ZANGENEH: Why not? Immediately after lifting the sanctions, it's our right to come back to the market and to have our share in the market.
DEFTERIOS: But geopolitically, are people ready for Iran with that sort of power in the world?
ZANGENEH: I think the world wants to diversify the -- power of the production. It's not good for the oil to concentrate -- to the world to
concentrate all on one or two producers.
DEFTERIOS: Finally, do you think, in fact, this action by OPEC and some of the more powerful members will bring the United States and the Republic of
Iran actually closer together as allies? Could this be an outcome of that?
ZANGENEH: I think after lifting the sanctions, strategically, we can work with each other. And before it, we have no sanctions against US companies.
We are ready. Iran is open for US companies.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
DEFTERIOS: A closer look at Iran's energy potential with the minister, Bijan Zangeneh. And that's all for this edition of CNN MARKETPLACE MIDDLE
EAST, this week from Vienna. I'm John Defterios, thanks for watching.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
END
